Impacto de la actividad turística sobre la pobreza: evidencia para los municipios chilenos mediante un enfoque espacial

Francisco Andrés Gálvez Gamboa; Erik Mauricio Muñoz Henriquez

doi:10.14198/INTURI2022.23.9

Autores/as

Francisco Andrés Gálvez Gamboa Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-5375
Erik Mauricio Muñoz Henriquez Universidad Católica del MauleE, Chile

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2022.23.9

Palabras clave:

análisis regional, turismo, pobreza, externalidad.

Resumen

La pobreza es utilizada comúnmente como un indicador que mide el desarrollo social de un territorio. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar la incidencia de la actividad turística sobre la pobreza utilizando como base datos agregados a nivel municipal para el caso de Chile. La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa, con un enfoque en herramientas de econometría espacial. Se estimó un modelo espacial Durbin (SDM), que permitió modelar el efecto espacial del rezago de la variable dependiente y el rezago espacial de las variables independientes. Los resultados mostraron que existe asociación espacial de la pobreza a nivel municipal, además, que el desarrollo de la actividad turística y su intensidad contribuyen a mejorar este indicador. Lo anterior sugiere un efecto externalidad positivo del turismo y su contribución a la reducción de la pobreza a nivel territorial, en el caso de los municipios chilenos. Como implicancias prácticas, es indispensable la generación de estrategias que fortalezcan la actividad turística para favorecer el empleo y entorno económico local, dado que lo anterior contribuye al mejoramiento del desarrollo de los municipios.

Citas

Alam, Md. S. y Paramati, S. R. (2016). The impact of tourism on income inequality in developing economies: Does Kuznets curve hypothesis exist? Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.09.008

Anselin, L. (2010). Thirty years of spatial econometrics. Papers in Regional Science, 89(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00279.x

Anselin, L. (2016). Spatial Externalities, Spatial Multipliers, And Spatial Econometrics: International Regional Science Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017602250972

Aslan, A. (2014). Tourism development and economic growth in the Mediterranean countries: Evidence from panel Granger causality tests. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4), 363-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.768607

Bakker, M. y Messerli, H. R. (2017). Inclusive growth versus pro-poor growth: Implications for tourism development. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(4), 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358416638919

Balli, F., Curry, J. y Balli, H. O. (2015). Inter-regional spillover effects in New Zealand international tourism demand. Tourism Geographies, 17(2), 262-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2014.1003394

Blake, A., Arbache, J. S., Sinclair, M. T. y Teles, V. (2008). Tourism and poverty relief. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.06.013

Burns, P. M. y Novelli, M. (2008). Tourism Development: Growth, Myths, and Inequalities. CABI.

Deller, S. (2010). Rural poverty, tourism and spatial heterogeneity. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(1), 180-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.09.001

Dong, G. y Harris, R. (2015). Spatial Autoregressive Models for Geographically Hierarchical Data Structures. Geographical Analysis, 47(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12049

Dritsakis, N. (2012). Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Seven Mediterranean Countries: A Panel Data Approach. Tourism Economics, 18(4), 801-816. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2012.0140

Ekanayake, E. M. y Long, A. E. (2012). Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1948704). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1948704

Elhorst, J. P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40340-8

Fischer, M. M. y Griffith, D. A. (2008). Modeling Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interaction Data: An Application to Patent Citation Data in the European Union*. Journal of Regional Science, 48(5), 969-989. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00572.x

Garza-Rodriguez, J. (2019). Tourism and Poverty Reduction in Mexico: An ARDL Cointegration Approach. Sustainability, 11(3), 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030845

Gibbons, S. y Overman, H. G. (2012). Mostly Pointless Spatial Econometrics?*. Journal of Regional Science, 52(2), 172-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2012.00760.x

Hall, C. M. y Page, S. J. (2014). The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space. Routledge.

Kim, N., Song, H. y Pyun, J. H. (2016). The relationship among tourism, poverty, and economic development in developing countries: A panel data regression analysis. Tourism Economics, 22(6), 1174-1190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816616669038

Lee, C.-C. y Chien, M.-S. (2008). Structural breaks, tourism development, and economic growth: Evidence from Taiwan. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 77(4), 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2007.03.004

LeSage, J. y Pace, R. K. (2009). Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420064254

Li, H., Chen, J. L., Li, G. y Goh, C. (2016). Tourism and regional income inequality: Evidence from China. Annals of Tourism Research, 58, 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.02.001

Li, K. X., Jin, M. y Shi, W. (2018). Tourism as an important impetus to promoting economic growth: A critical review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.10.002

Lin, V. S., Yang, Y. y Li, G. (2019). Where Can Tourism-Led Growth and Economy-Driven Tourism Growth Occur? Journal of Travel Research, 58(5), 760-773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518773919

Liu, J., Nijkamp, P. y Lin, D. (2017). Urban-rural imbalance and Tourism-Led Growth in China. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 24-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.02.005

Llorca-Rodríguez, C. M., Chica-Olmo, J. y Casas-Jurado, A. C. (2020). The effects of tourism on EU regional cohesion: A comparative spatial cross-regressive assessment of economic growth and convergence by level of development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1835930

Llorca-Rodríguez, C. M., García-Fernández, R. M. y Casas-Jurado, A. C. (2020). Domestic versus inbound tourism in poverty reduction: Evidence from panel data. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(2), 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1494701

Mahadevan, R., Amir, H. y Nugroho, A. (2017). Regional impacts of tourism-led growth on poverty and income: Inequality: A dynamic general equilibrium analysis for Indonesia. Tourism Economics, 23(3), 614-631. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0534

Mahadevan, R. y Suardi, S. (2019). Panel evidence on the impact of tourism growth on poverty, poverty gap and income inequality. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(3), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1375901

Njoya, E. T. y Seetaram, N. (2018). Tourism Contribution to Poverty Alleviation in Kenya: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 57(4), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517700317

Ohlan, R. (2017). The relationship between tourism, financial development and economic growth in India. Future Business Journal, 3(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2017.01.003

Owen, G., Harris, R. y Jones, K. (2016). Under examination: Multilevel models, geography and health research. Progress in Human Geography, 40(3), 394-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132515580814

Padrón-Ávila, H. (2020). La medición del impacto económico del turismo: Metodología y principales resultados de la Cuenta Satélite del Turismo en la Unión Europea. Investigaciones Turísticas, 20, 79-96. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2020.20.04

Po, W.-C. y Huang, B.-N. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth–a nonlinear approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 387(22), 5535-5542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.05.037

Ponce, P., Aguirre-Padilla, N., Oliveira, C., Álvarez-García, J. y del Río-Rama, M. de la C. (2020). The Spatial Externalities of Tourism Activities in Poverty Reduction. Sustainability, 12(15), 6138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156138

Scheyvens, R. y Russell, M. (2012). Tourism, Land Tenure and Poverty Alleviation in Fiji. Tourism Geographies, 14(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.593188

Sernatur. (2020). Cuenta Pública Participativa 2019—Servicio Nacional de Turismo. https://www.sernatur.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CuentaPublicaSernatur2019_15mayo.pdf

Shi, W., Luo, M., Jin, M., Cheng, S. K. y Li, K. X. (2020). Urban–rural income disparity and inbound tourism: Spatial evidence from China. Tourism Economics, 26(7), 1231-1247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619872035

Sokhanvar, A., Çiftçioğlu, S. y Javid, E. (2018). Another look at tourism-economic development nexus. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, 97-106.

Subsecretaria de Economía, Fomento y Reconstrucción. (1975). Crea el Servicio Nacional de Turismo (1.224). https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=6519

Subsecretaria de Economía, Fomento y Reconstrucción. (2010). Del Sistema Institucional para el Desarrollo del turismo (20.423). https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1010960

Subsecretaria de Turismo. (2015). Estrategía Nacional de Turismo 2012-2020. https://mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/1_Estrategia-Nacional-de-Turismo-2012-2020.pdf

Subsecretaría de Turismo. (2019). Anuario Turismo 2019. http://www.subturismo.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ANUARIO-TURISMO-2019_29092020.pdf

United Nations, y World Tourism Organization (Eds.). (2010). International recommendations for tourism statistics 2008. United Nations.

Voss, P. R., Long, D. D., Hammer, R. B. y Friedman, S. (2006). County child poverty rates in the US: A spatial regression approach. Population Research and Policy Review, 25(4), 369-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-006-9007-4

World Trave y Tourism Council. (2020). 2020 ANNUAL RESEARCH: KEY HIGHLIGHTS. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact