Temporalidad, eficiencia técnica y productividad: El sector hotelero en Canarias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI.25847Palabras clave:
Sector hostelero, temporalidad, mercado laboral, eficiencia técnica, productividad, frontera estocásticaResumen
Esta investigación se centra en analizar el efecto de la alta temporalidad del empleo sobre la eficiencia técnica y la productividad. La literatura previa señala un conjunto de beneficios e inconvenientes relacionados con los contratos temporales. Para conocer la influencia de la temporalidad sobre la eficiencia, se estudia el caso crítico del sector hotelero en Canarias donde la tasa de temporalidad es del 40%. Así, este trabajo explora el efecto de la temporalidad sobre la eficiencia técnica en el sector hotelero de Canarias (región española). La magnitud de este caso de estudio puede comprobarse claramente, dado que las Islas Canarias es la región de la Unión Europea más visitada por los residentes. Se estima una frontera estocástica de producción distinguiendo entre dos tipos de empleo: permanente y temporal. Los resultados sugieren que altos niveles de temporalidad tienden a reducir la eficiencia técnica y la productividad. Una alta tasa de conversión de empleos temporales a permanentes parece aumentar la eficiencia. La contribución de este trabajo es triple: (i) llenar el vacío en la literatura sobre la influencia del empleo temporal en la eficiencia técnica, evaluando su efecto para un caso de estudio en el que la temporalidad del empleo es dramáticamente alta, (ii) se estiman las productividades parciales de los factores para los trabajadores permanentes y de duración determinada, y (iii) se explora la influencia de variables menos estudiadas como el nivel de conversión de empleo de duración determinada a permanente en la eficiencia. Las conclusiones pueden ser relevantes para la gestión de los recursos humanos de las empresas en las que las tasas de temporalidad son elevadas. La gestión de recursos humanos debería considerar el tipo de contratos laborales utilizados, así como las perspectivas de conversión en indefinidos de sus trabajadores temporales, dada su potencial influencia en la eficiencia técnica, la productividad laboral y el rendimiento de la empresa.
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