Hipocresía climática y actitudes de los turistas de la Unión Europea hacia el medio ambiente

Antón Álvarez Sousa; Iria Caamaño Franco; María Andrade Suárez

doi:10.14198/INTURI.27435

Autores/as

Antón Álvarez Sousa Universidade da Coruña, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-0208
Iria Caamaño Franco Universidade da Coruña, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-8620
María Andrade Suárez Universidade da Coruña, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-1751

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI.27435

Palabras clave:

cambio climático, turismo, mitigar, género, hipocresía climática, negacionismo

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los hábitos de viaje que están dispuestos a cambiar los turistas para ser más respetuosos con el medio ambiente (MA) y mitigar su impacto en el cambio climático (CC). Partiendo de la perspectiva de la teoría crítica, en un primer momento analizamos los distintos tipos de acciones para la mitigación que van desde la inhibición de viajar hasta el negacionismo y la negativa a cambiar los hábitos, pasando por distintos tipos de mitigación como son la prevención, minimización, compensación para contrarrestar (ejemplo plantando árboles) e incluso pago por contaminar. Seguidamente exponemos los distintos factores individuales (sociodemográficos, culturales) y contextuales que están influenciando en la disposición a cambiar de hábitos. Tomamos los datos del Eurobarómetro y los analizamos con el programa Stata siguiendo la técnica de las Ecuaciones Estructurales Generalizadas (GSEM). Los resultados demuestran que existe una hipocresía climática y una clara diferencia comportamental entre el consumo turístico y el consumo cotidiano. Los más dispuestos a cambiar son las personas con formación elevada, las mujeres y los jóvenes. La riqueza de los países influye positivamente en la disposición a pagar más para proteger el medio ambiente o beneficiar a la comunidad local, pero influye negativamente en otros hábitos, lo cual demuestra que los habitantes de los países ricos no son necesariamente los más concienciados ni los que tienen unas actitudes más proclives para ser respetuosos con el MA y mitigar el CC.

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