Capacidad de carga y percepción social del aprovechamiento turístico en  el Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos, México

Romano Gino Segrado Pavón; Bertha Alicia Hernández Elvira; María de Jesús Moo Canul; Alma Rafaela Bojorquez Vargas; Lucinda Arroyo Arcos

doi:10.14198/INTURI.29166

Autores/as

Romano Gino Segrado Pavón Universidad de Quintana Roo, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-4944
Bertha Alicia Hernández Elvira Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, México https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3700-1464
María de Jesús Moo Canul Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-163X
Alma Rafaela Bojorquez Vargas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-5320
Lucinda Arroyo Arcos Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6696-7124

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI.29166

Palabras clave:

áres marinas protegidas, arrecifes, turismo, impactos, límites

Resumen

El Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos (PNAPM) es un destino costero con arrecifes de coral, donde se practican buceo y esnórquel, lo que contribuye a la economía local. Sin embargo, la zona de influencia directa es objeto de una transformación por proyectos turísticos, el Tren Maya, la ampliación de asentamientos humanos, entre otros, por lo que el objetivo general fue evaluar la capacidad de carga y la percepción social del aprovechamiento turístico en el Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos. El método aplicado fue multicriterio, con la Norma Mexicana NMX-AA-189-SCFI-2021, dos encuestas: una a residentes (n=384) y otra a Prestadores de Servicios Turísticos (n=82), cinco recorridos terrestres y cuatro marinos. Como resultado, se determinó que la zona de uso recreativo semi intensivo permite 862 usuarios por día; se carece de gestión participativa efectiva hacia el turismo, los grupos sociales tienen distintas prioridades a corto plazo, las embarcaciones turísticas requieren cumplir reglamentos, entre otras condiciones para lograr el aprovechamiento sustentable del turismo. Los datos recolectados permiten diseñar estrategias ad hoc, reconociendo que existen desafíos con las preferencias sociales y prioridades económicas, que en el corto plazo no coinciden con los principios del aprovechamiento sustentable.

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