Turismo y cambio climático: una revisión crítica desde la economía ecológica y la ecología política
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI.29628Palabras clave:
cambio climático, turismo, huella de carbono, economía ecológica, ecología política, justicia climáticaResumen
Vivimos amenazados por una emergencia climática. No obstante, y pesar de las numerosas evidencias científicas que apuntan a la urgente necesidad de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, éstas siguen aumentando. En este contexto, el turismo no solo se erige en receptor pasivo altamente vulnerable a los impactos del cambio climático (CC), sino también en un agente activo que, con su huella de carbono, contribuye significativamente a la crisis climática. Mediante la metodología “Revisión de Revisiones”, este artículo sistematiza el conocimiento acumulado en la literatura académica sobre el nexo turismo-CC. Así, se identifican tres ejes temáticos prioritarios: los impactos del CC en la actividad turística y territorios turistificados, la huella de carbono del turismo, y las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación. También se señalan los principales retos y áreas de estudio que, según los autores de las revisiones analizadas, deberían potenciarse. Asimismo, y desde los enfoques críticos de la economía ecológica y la ecología política, se destacan algunas lagunas temáticas y ontológicas presentes en la literatura académica dominante. Se observa que una parte significativa de estas investigaciones se enmarcan en el paradigma neoliberal del “Brundtland as Usual”, auspiciado por la Agenda Climática Global, lo que compromete el diseño de políticas para avanzar hacia una transición ecosocial justa en territorios turistificados. Para concluir, el artículo ofrece algunas orientaciones para la construcción de una agenda de investigación crítica.
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